Oxidative Stress
- Definition: Oxidative stress is a biological condition caused by an imbalance between free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and the body’s antioxidant defenses.
- Causes:
- Excessive production of free radicals due to:
- Environmental factors: pollution, UV radiation, smoking.
- Internal factors: mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation.
- Excessive production of free radicals due to:
- Mechanism:
- Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes.
- Antioxidants neutralize free radicals; when they are insufficient, oxidative damage occurs.
- Effects:
- Cellular and tissue damage leading to chronic inflammation, accelerated aging, and increased risk of diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions.
- Management:
- Boosting antioxidant intake through diet or supplements:
- Vitamins: Vitamin C, E.
- Minerals: Selenium, Zinc.
- Herbs: Turmeric (curcumin), green tea (EGCG), and resveratrol.
- Boosting antioxidant intake through diet or supplements:
Impact on Other Conditions:
- Inflammation: Oxidative stress triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α), creating a vicious cycle where inflammation generates more ROS.
- Allergy: Free radical damage sensitizes immune cells, exacerbating allergic responses and histamine release.
- Depression: Oxidative damage in the brain affects neurons and neurotransmitter systems, contributing to depressive symptoms.